Chang-ao (simplified Chinese: 长袄; traditional Chinese: 長襖), lit. Chinese upper garment called ao (袄), which was worn by women. In the Ming dynasty, the wearing of long-length upper jacket (ao) with skirts became more prevalent than the wearing of short upper jacket with skirts. This set of attire is worn as a formal attire. Several paintings, book illustrations, tomb artefacts, and references from books which dates from the late Ming dynasty show that women were wearing long-length ao with a skirt during this period. The combination of long-length ao with skirt continued to exist in the Qing dynasty. However the style of Ming dynasty ao continued to evolve under the influence of the Manchu fashion. By the late Qing dynasty, it was typical for the ao to be waist-length. After the fall of the Qing dynasty, the ao continued to be worn in the Republic of China; the 1910s ao style was once again lengthen up to hip level, and sometimes up to the knees. It was once again shortened in the 1920s to be waist-length. The late Qing ao also had different types of opening (i.e. central front opening, slant opening), could have either narrow or wide sleeves and could have a mandarin collar. The chang-ao was actually developed from zhiduo during the Ming Dynasty, and is worn over a skirt. It is wide-sleeved, shorter than zhiduo and has no side panels (暗擺) at the side slits (thus showing the skirt worn underneath). There is often an optional detachable protective huling (護領, lit. The huling can be of white or any other dark colours. Finnane, Antonia (2008). Changing clothes in China : fashion, history, nation. New York: Columbia University Press. Wang, Xinyi; Colbert, François; Legoux, Renaud (2020). “From Niche Interest to Fashion Trend: Hanfu Clothing as a Rising Industry in China”. The collar is of the same colour as the clothing. Jiang, Wanyi; Li, Zhaoqing (2021-01-06). Analysis on Evolution, Design and Application of Women’s Traditional Coats in Beijing in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China. International Journal of Arts Management. This page was last edited on 22 August 2024, nuwa hanfu at 18:52 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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